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N t= Q iqSystem Analysis I: SOP, Goals and Constraints, System Capabilities and the Operational Concept Description (OCD):r0$-$ r    j!4. Proposed System (Analysis of)  "  System Analysis involves several steps Components - models, attributes, relationships, constraints, roles, and states Behavior models Engineering - Abstraction, enterprise class engineering This section is an overview of Analysis for OCD 4.0 Details follow in later sections for SSAD6'^'^   kSystem Analysis   BThe creation of precise, consistent description of a conceptual system in terms of its high-level components Description is within the organization domain, independent of implementation Analysis goes beyond simple checklists and pictures Analysis ties the domain description to the system design and implementation C  lAnalysis Defined   A separation of a whole into its component parts An examination of a complex system, its elements, and their relations A statement of such an analysis A method in philosophy of resolving complex expressions into simpler or more basic ones   mAnalysis Goals   MQuantify what we want to represent, not how it is done Formalize and refine the specific parts of the organizations capabilities, entities, activities, and interactions described in the domain description that are to be automated Capture the high level architectural information that will represent (I.e. model) the conceptual system6N # N  nAnalysis Audience   4The Domain Description is for all constituents of the project Analysis is for Domain Experts - the high level leaders who understand the domain, know what they want, and have the authority to make decisions Not for implementers, who prefer design and implementation details ( hows )Z&      oTouring OOA concepts   This section introduces OOA concepts via extended examples The example will illustrate a few issues that can arise and how they are handled Notation, terminology, etc. not as important as awareness of issues Further study will be required $   pAnalysis Overview   Analysis CDL Statement of Purpose - (focal point) Project Goals - (influences) System capabilities - (conceptualize) L.O.S. Goals Models Component Model Behavior Model Enterprise Class Model.Z6Z6   qAnalysis Deliverables    rClassifying Last   /Classification should be done after establishing Components and their behaviors need things to classify before creating classes intent is very important here This provides well named structures that will flow into the final implementation Accordingly, requirements should be delayed until later (design)6PNPN 0  s&4.1 Statement of Purpose (Focal Point),' $ '  Describe the general purpose of the proposed system A brief synopsis of the overall capabilities Compare with OCD 3.7 Current System Shortfalls Should be consistent with System Boundary and Environment (OCD 2.3) Domain Description (OCD 3) a Z/ ZZF Z Za"."$ '$   tCreating a Statement of Purpose   &A brief overview of the proposed system: what the system is supposed to accomplish or be responsible for Contrast with current system and shortfalls More general than a problem statement: doesn t need to identify a problem, just what is desired May change between LCO and LCAZ   u Example: Statement of Purpose    vy2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)03& $ 3  8Project Goals have global effects, whereas System capabilities have more local and specific effects Project Goals should be consistent with Win conditions and agreements M.R.S. (Measurable, Relevant, Specific): Initially, one may specify desirable and acceptable levels of capability Use a simple enumerated list9 9 9  z2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)"3&  3  yWork with Domain Experts to translate from Organization Goals Ask, what needs or desires for the system are not directly part of the system yet contribute to or affect it? Factors, project-level constraints and assumptions that influence or contribute to the eventual outcome of the project, but are not part of the system Are used to manage complexity and project constraints zCP6F90 z  Project Goals: M.R.S.   Should be Measurable, Relevant, Specific (M.R.S.) M: "How is the goal measured with respect to the proposed system?" R: "Is this related to any Organization Goal or external project constraints? S:  What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? ,2 2   Specifying OCD GoalsSpecific Project Goals    S: "What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? What are the specific acceptable levels or thresholds with respect to the measures used? What specific parts of the system are to be measured? *   Example: Project Goals   4.3 System Capabilities    Broad, high-level system behaviors. What the user should expect from the system Should be in line with Organization Goals (OCD 3.2) and Activities (OCD 3.3) Outline the desired modifications to the current systems entities and activities (OCD 3.3, 3.5)  Just Do It approach. Work with what you know and flush out SR s later.<G $ > G  OCD 4.3 System Capabilities   @Relation to WinWin : priorities, rationale For each system responsibility, indicate: Name Description Priority Rationale Reference to WinWin artifact [if one exists] Forward consistency with Capability Requirements (SSRD 3.) Example: System Capabilities for the University Intranet 1. Provide distributed access to student admissions list (see OCD 2.5.1) 2. Manage asynchronous collaborations on admission evaluations (see OCD 2.5.4) 3. Provide auto-updated list of current research areas (See OCD 2.5.2) 4. Manage secure access to and from the intranet (See OCD 2.2.3) 5. ...U PQ -F; Z9 Z' FT P: /' @     t      4.3 System Capabilities   High level overview of broad categories of system behaviors Not an operational breakdown (provided by System Requirements) System capabilities realize high-level activities in the Organization Activity Model (Reference as appropriate)., e   4.3 System Capabilities (cont.)    Describe a few system capabilities and work with domain experts to clarify them. Think about  What in our domain description do we want represented with technology? Look at organization wide goals and consider what is required to carry them out. Each system responsibility may require several iterations: Consistency and redundancy are not issues at this point@R s Rs l  4.3 System Capabilities(cont.)    Just do it approach eliminates the pressure to get it all right on the first pass  Go with what you know and plan to iterate back through it. Multiple iterations of SR s reduce complexity through balanced partitions, promote focus, remove redundancies and contradictions As more capabilities are documented, architects get a better idea of how the domain experts are viewing the proposed system Allow tangents to continue, even if they cross perceived system boundaries.^T0Z0Z|0ZLZT|L     Example: System Capabilities     Finding System Capabilities   Ask Constructive Questions Avoid counter productive questions Don't obsess over issues that are addressed as part of the process (e.g. consistency, redundancy, completeness, soundness)   Constructive Questions   Some constructive, informal questions that may be useful in gaining clarity (organized brainstorming)  What does this mean?  Can you give me an example of this?  What do you need to do this?  What is involved with this? &fzfz   Construction Question 1    What does this mean? Useful to define words and phrases (document in CDL)V6$ N  Construction Question 2    Can you give me an example of this? Useful to draw out scenarios of desired system operations(a&: a  Construction Question 3    What do you need to do this? To find out information required to carry out a responsibility.@@ _  Construction Question 4   F What is involved with this? To discover sub-capabilities and the steps required to fulfill them This question is important as it is used to continue the process.   Counterproductive Questions   Avoid Counterproductive Questions:  Didn't we already cover this?  How can we possibly implement that?  Do we really need this? Begin by discovering what is actually wanted The modeling process answers these  save it for later questions#  @0n0#%n     Counterproductive Question 1    Didn't we already cover this? F Don t worry about overlapping capabilities: these will be cleared up as we build the modelTO8/  ,/ ~  Counterproductive Question 2(    How can we possibly implement that? F Stay focused: this is not relevant to domain experts, only to implementers&88M(%   ? t  Counterproductive Question 3   ( Do we really need this? F Don t challenge feasibility or relevance: relevance is determined by domain experts (you can send them the bill later!)j8{8  *N   /      !"#'()*+Px ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|? " dd@   " @ `"  n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> J(     `l{xaxa1 ?P  T Click to edit Master title style! !@  Z~xaxa1 ?  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  Z4xaxa1?'y <*B  s *޽h ? a( 3156_4156_S990 ZR@(  @  Zܶpapa1 ? @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     Sp  01 ?   B  s *޽h ? a(  0( X  B  s *޽h ? a(  $(  r  S )p  r  S 8  `    H  0޽h ? a( 0$(  r  S Tp  r  S  `    H  0޽h ? a(  bZ@!8<( HHHhH <r < S $   4 < # s  < 6&1G  MOrg. Activities"4 < # u  < 6t,@:  K Org. Entities" 4 < # 7=  < 0/B X LCurrent System"4  < #    < 64#  ~Organization Background J  4  < #  4 `  < 6; M Q NInteraction Matrix lL  P  <#  A < B@CDEF@6 @ @` '  < xBCCgDEF'gC'g @` P O < xBCCjDEFjCQ @`  lL V <# D < BCDEF  @`0 < xBDCiDEFDiD @`/Q < xBCCiDEFOCi)O @`VL    <#   f  < B{CDEFm{ @` ` \  < xBACoDEFEAo0E @`> ,  L  ]  <#  t  < B3CDEF3%3 @`* ]t  < xB;CrDEFr;: @`J M NL  *Q e  <# > E * B < 3 ) ; e  < xB>CfDEF>ff>f @` *Q 4 < # 7  < 6@S.i H Organization  !< 6E-J AGoals  7< HJ1?vT| e-Note: OCD also has some System Analysis views.(H < 0޽h ? ̙33   > 6 P@ ( bM|MM, a @  @ <Q1?p * OCD 3.1 Organization Background (Product Model) Good organization s background description. Only talks about existing organization, not in context with proposed system. It should give organization description in a large context, not too specific . Example from team 6-1 Butler Stack Locator CS3156 Fall 1999: 3.1 Organization Background The Butler stacks houses two million volumes of the University's collections in the humanities, with particular strengths in history (including government documents and social science materials published before 1974), literature, philosophy and religion, in addition to one of country's most extensive collections of materials pertinent to the study of Greco-Roman antiquity. The stacks has 12 levels with the entrance on the third floor of Butler near the Circulation Desk. The purpose of the Butler Library is to provide access to a variety of resources for patrons of Columbia University. (from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/under/tour/butlertour.html) 1 > H @ 0޽h ? ̙33   l d `D (  D  D <o  &H L 0޽h ? ̙33  =(    <躹1?E s1OCD 3.7 Current System Shortfalls (Product Model)&21   <1?pv ," Good description of current system shortfalls. It should not give advantage or improvements will be done by proposed system.~  BA O?1?^ OH  0޽h ? ̙33 0(  x  c $`   x  c $ P  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $`   x  c $༅   H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $(`0   x  c $0  H  0޽h ? ̙33   0(  x  c $ʅP   x  c $@˅P  H  0޽h ? ̙33  00(  x  c $ą`   x  c $Ņ`  H  0޽h ? ̙33  % <4@(    3 rԅgֳgֳ ?P     3 rTՅgֳgֳ ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33  P0(  x  c $ޅP   x  c $߅  H  0޽h ? ̙33  % <4`(    3 rgֳgֳ ?P     3 rgֳgֳ ? @  H  0޽h ? ̙337     pw (  x  c $P     01111?h {   `Behavior Model"     01111?n |  aComponent Model"     01111?  eSystem capabilities"      0|1111?^  hStatement of Purpose$      0 1111?   dorganization model"   ^B @ 68c? x ^B   68c?  x XB   08c?2  XB  @ 08c?2 V | XB   08c?  2    01111?  qProject Goals and Constraints$      61111?8 R1.       61111?V X R2.       61111?0 R3.       61111?d  R5.       6#1111? h  R6.       6x'1111?v f  R7.       0P+1111?P  ` L.O.S. Goals$        6/1111?P  R4.     H  0޽h ? ̙33 ! 0(  x  c $5`0   x  c $6  H  0޽h ? ̙33   0(   x   c $|<P   x   c $$=  H   0޽h ? ̙33 " % <4$(  $ $ 3 rhCgֳgֳ ?P    $ 3 rDgֳgֳ ?  H $ 0޽h ? ̙33 # % nf,(  , , 3 rpQgֳgֳ ?`    H , 0޽h ? ̙33, 4l(  4: 4 3 Ap 4 0fz 4.1 Purpose of Proposed System We will provide a system to access the large number of Boeckmann Center materials in an attractive and simple fashion, concurrently the collections will be organized into a unified cataloging system within the archive. Access will take the form of searching the digital archive resulting in meaningful and salient search results as well as viewing items in the archive. Access also includes browsing information about the Boeckmann Center, the collections, and a limited subset of the archive, in addition to requesting materials, offering feedback, and receiving help. The system will also allow quick and easy entry and maintenance of the material information by inexperienced library personnel after an authentication process. Administration users will also have help available. The librarian will have access and authority to ensure the integrity of the data before entry into the archive. References are made from [OCD 2.1] and [OCD 2.2]. The Hispanic Digital Archive will be the portal to the Boeckmann Center collections. The collection materials are represented in the HDA. The users will view items and search for items. The operators and librarians will maintain the HDA. A context diagram using entity model elements can be seen in Figure 4.,>U e 8 H 4 0޽h ? ̙33  D0(  Dx D c $Y   x D c $dj  H D 0޽h ? ̙33  H0(  Hx H c $z`0   x H c $z  H H 0޽h ? ̙33 ' % <4d(  d d 3 rgֳgֳ ?P    d 3 rЂgֳgֳ ?  H d 0޽h ? ̙33i(  ((>\l'(  lx l c $[   @F   ;l yd@   9l @  *l !l B1?+ OOrganization Goal:  " ` )l 0?@   ,l V "l BE1? <<give a reference number and name>> such as  OG-1: Increase Sales and Profits  QP" ` +l 0? {@ ` .l` #l B1?+` I Description:   " ` -l 0?`@  ` 0l `2 $l Bl1?` |<> This may be deleted if the title describes it adequately, as above  }|" ` /l 0? `|@ ` 2l` %l Bt1?+` JMeasurable:  " ` 1l 0?`<@ `  4l`  &l B1?` <<indicate how this goal is measured, perhaps within the results chain OCD 2.1>> such as  Since sales and profits normally vary by quarter, increases will be measured with respect to the corresponding quarter in the previous year.  " ` 3l 0?` x@  6l 'l B1?+ F Relevant:  " ` 5l 0?@   8l $ (l BЬ1? n<<describe how this goal is relevant to the organizations success factors OCD 2.4 and background OCD 3.1>> such as  Increased sales improve profits via increased economies of scale.  " ` 7l 0? Z :l s *? F    \l  Y.@    Zl  |@  Gl > such as  PG-1: Limited Schedule  GF" ` Hl 0? {@ ` Kl` >l BH1?+` I Description:   " ` Jl 0?`.@  ` Ml `v ?l B1?` <<Describe this project goal>> E.g.,  Achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in 24 weeks  a`" ` Ll 0? `|@ `@ Ol`@ @l B\Ƣ1?+`@ JMeasurable:  " ` Nl 0?`@@ ` @ Ql` @ Al Bˢ1?`@ p4<<indicate how this goal can be measured with respect the specific elements it addresses>> E.g.,  Achieving IOC means passing a Release Readiness Review  " ` Pl 0?` @x@ @ Sl@ Bl BxѢ1?+@ F Relevant:  " ` Rl 0?@@ @  Ul@ : Cl B֢1?@ <<describe which organization goals and activities (OCD 3.2, 3.3) or major project constraints (OCD 2.4) this goal is relevant to>> E.g.,  Compatible with rapid completion constraint (OCD 2.4)  " ` Tl 0?@ x@   Wl  Dl Bܢ1?+  F Specific:  " ` Vl 0? :@    Yl   El B1?  <<describe what in particular within the organization goals and activities (OCD 3.2, 3.3) this goal addresses>> E.g.,  24 weeks . There is no need to repeat such information if it is absolutely obvious from the above information.  " ` Xl 0?  Z [l s *?  H l 0޽h ? ̙33  x0(  xx x c $dP   x x c $   H x 0޽h ? ̙33 ( % nf |(  | | 3 rgֳgֳ ?`0    H | 0޽h ? ̙33  0R(    0zFn VOCD 4.2 Project Goals Example (1) The main goals of the project: 1. Achievable system given schedule constraints The system must be built in 12 weeks by a small group of student developers. The system must be implemented, tested, and installed in this highly constrained time period. The system must have the necessary capabilities to meet the customer and user requirements while remaining small enough to be built in the short amount of time. This is relevant to the project because, if the project is not completed, none of the organization goals with respect to the proposed system can be fulfilled. [Organization Goal 8] [sdy-WINC- 12] 2. Demonstrable functionality to meet IOC guidelines The system should be able to display the required functionality to the customer. It should provide some demonstrable functionality and sufficient examples of live data and images. This would allow the capability of the system to be easily demonstrated. This would help in determining if the system needs to be implemented. [Organization Goal 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8] [bhansali-WINC-13] 3. Multiplatform/global access system To ensure the general public will have access to the digital archive it needs to run on most platforms using any browser. Distributed researchers may need access to the archive without visiting the library. Also, access is possible at any time during the day or night. A multiplatform language will be utilized and testing will take place with both browsers. The current versions of Java and the browsers will be used. [Organization Goal 1] [fakharza-WINC-1, fakharza-WINC-2, bhansali-WINC-1, bhansali-WINC-4]W!/4|%s $    H  0޽h ? ̙33` @(  h  0`w   f4.2 Project Goals Example (2) 4. Minimize cost and time of system deployment Deployment time and costs should be minimal. Deployment time should take no longer than 3 years, and no more than $300,000, which were the maximum amounts given by the customer. The estimates can be found in the FRD. [Organization Goal 4] 5. Reuse ISD licensed and supported software Reuse of this software would result in less coding for the team. This would be highly beneficial given the tight schedule constraints, also if ISD supports the software there is less need for technical people in the Boeckmann Center to perform support tasks. The project is a fairly large undertaking so software reuse would be one of the best ways to ensure the project can be completed. In order to achieve the numerous organization goals, the project must reuse as much as possible. [Organization Goal 8]dg.,B H  0޽h ? ̙33  P0(  x  c $X%P   x  c $-  H  0޽h ? ̙33  `0(  x  c $`   x  c $0   H  0޽h ? ̙33 ) % <4p(    3 r47gֳgֳ ?P     3 r7gֳgֳ ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33 * 0(  x  c $JP   x  c $JPp  H  0޽h ? ̙33 + 0(  x  c $O   x  c $pQ`  H  0޽h ? ̙33p   (  x  c $,?Pp   H  0޽h ? ̙33- m(  5  0qv`  {4.3 System Capabilities The system capabilities are the high-level system behaviors described according to broad categories of system behaviors. Responsibility: SC-01 Name: Find/Search Material Description: Once the archive is accessed the user needs to find the materials desired or if there are materials of interest. Priority: Very High Rationale: Once at the site the user must be able to search for an item in the archive. This is deemed a basic requirement. Relates to: I.A [OCD 2.5] WinWin reference: eballew-WINC-4, eballew-WINC-9, eballew-WINC-3 Responsibility: SC-02 Name: View Material Description: Materials in the archive can be viewed using the system. Priority: Very High Rationale: This is basic required functionality for the customer and user. Relates to: II.C.3 [OCD 2.5] WinWin reference: eballew-WINC-6, eballew-WINC-7, eballew-WINC-16, eballew-WINC-2, eballew-WINC-13n|x s  s 2 ;  B S      H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $kP   x  c $`=  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $P   x  c $8  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $P   x  c $<  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $P   x  c $X>  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $TP   x  c $  H  0޽h ? ̙33  0(  x  c $䙥P   x  c $  H  0޽h ? ̙33   0(  x  c $ğP   x  c $  H  0޽h ? ̙33  00(  x  c $쥥P   x  c $  H  0޽h ? ̙33  @0(  x  c $<P   x  c $  H  0޽h ? ̙33  P0(  x  c $츥P   x  c $4  H  0޽h ? ̙33 i0 p(  ^ S     # l(e(e @    H  0޽h ? ̙33l0 B:(  ^ S    4 # l`(e(e @   VThis is the Webster s dictionary definition,  H  0޽h ? ̙33$m0 t(  ^ S     # l (e(e @   "  H  0޽h ? ̙33$n0 t(  ^ S     # l(e(e @   "  H  0޽h ? ̙33o0 f^(  ^ S    X # l(e(e @   zThere are many books written on OOA. This section provides a brief introduction. 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N t= Q iqSystem Analysis I: SOP, Goals and Constraints, System Capabilities and the Operational Concept Description (OCD):r0$-$ r    j!4. Proposed System (Analysis of)  "  System Analysis involves several steps Components - models, attributes, relationships, constraints, roles, and states Behavior models Engineering - Abstraction, enterprise class engineering This section is an overview of Analysis for OCD 4.0 Details follow in later sections for SSAD6'^'^   kSystem Analysis   BThe creation of precise, consistent description of a conceptual system in terms of its high-level components Description is within the organization domain, independent of implementation Analysis goes beyond simple checklists and pictures Analysis ties the domain description to the system design and implementation C  lAnalysis Defined   A separation of a whole into its component parts An examination of a complex system, its elements, and their relations A statement of such an analysis A method in philosophy of resolving complex expressions into simpler or more basic ones   mAnalysis Goals   MQuantify what we want to represent, not how it is done Formalize and refine the specific parts of the organizations capabilities, entities, activities, and interactions described in the domain description that are to be automated Capture the high level architectural information that will represent (I.e. model) the conceptual system6N # N  nAnalysis Audience   4The Domain Description is for all constituents of the project Analysis is for Domain Experts - the high level leaders who understand the domain, know what they want, and have the authority to make decisions Not for implementers, who prefer design and implementation details ( hows )Z&      oTouring OOA concepts   This section introduces OOA concepts via extended examples The example will illustrate a few issues that can arise and how they are handled Notation, terminology, etc. not as important as awareness of issues Further study will be required $   pAnalysis Overview   Analysis CDL Statement of Purpose - (focal point) Project Goals - (influences) System capabilities - (conceptualize) L.O.S. Goals Models Component Model Behavior Model Enterprise Class Model.Z6Z6   qAnalysis Deliverables    rClassifying Last   /Classification should be done after establishing Components and their behaviors need things to classify before creating classes intent is very important here This provides well named structures that will flow into the final implementation Accordingly, requirements should be delayed until later (design)6PNPN 0  s&4.1 Statement of Purpose (Focal Point),' $ '  Describe the general purpose of the proposed system A brief synopsis of the overall capabilities Compare with OCD 3.7 Current System Shortfalls Should be consistent with System Boundary and Environment (OCD 2.3) Domain Description (OCD 3) a Z/ ZZF Z Za"."$ '$   tCreating a Statement of Purpose   &A brief overview of the proposed system: what the system is supposed to accomplish or be responsible for Contrast with current system and shortfalls More general than a problem statement: doesn t need to identify a problem, just what is desired May change between LCO and LCAZ   u Example: Statement of Purpose    vy2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)03& $ 3  8Project Goals have global effects, whereas System capabilities have more local and specific effects Project Goals should be consistent with Win conditions and agreements M.R.S. (Measurable, Relevant, Specific): Initially, one may specify desirable and acceptable levels of capability Use a simple enumerated list9 9 9  z2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)"3&  3  yWork with Domain Experts to translate from Organization Goals Ask, what needs or desires for the system are not directly part of the system yet contribute to or affect it? Factors, project-level constraints and assumptions that influence or contribute to the eventual outcome of the project, but are not part of the system Are used to manage complexity and project constraints zCP6F90 z  Project Goals: M.R.S.   Should be Measurable, Relevant, Specific (M.R.S.) M: "How is the goal measured with respect to the proposed system?" R: "Is this related to any Organization Goal or external project constraints? S:  What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? ,2 2   Specifying OCD GoalsSpecific Project Goals    S: "What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? What are the specific acceptable levels or thresholds with respect to the measures used? What specific parts of the system are to be measured? *   Example: Project Goals   4.3 System Capabilities    Broad, high-level system behaviors. What the user should expect from the system Should be in line with Organization Goals (OCD 3.2) and Activities (OCD 3.3) Outline the desired modifications to the current systems entities and activities (OCD 3.3, 3.5)  Just Do It approach. Work with what you know and flush out SR s later.<G $ > G  OCD 4.3 System Capabilities   @Relation to WinWin : priorities, rationale For each system responsibility, indicate: Name Description Priority Rationale Reference to WinWin artifact [if one exists] Forward consistency with Capability Requirements (SSRD 3.) Example: System Capabilities for the University Intranet 1. Provide distributed access to student admissions list (see OCD 2.5.1) 2. Manage asynchronous collaborations on admission evaluations (see OCD 2.5.4) 3. Provide auto-updated list of current research areas (See OCD 2.5.2) 4. Manage secure access to and from the intranet (See OCD 2.2.3) 5. ...U PQ -F; Z9 Z' FT P: /' @     t      4.3 System Capabilities   High level overview of broad categories of system behaviors Not an operational breakdown (provided by System Requirements) System capabilities realize high-level activities in the Organization Activity Model (Reference as appropriate)., e   4.3 System Capabilities (cont.)    Describe a few system capabilities and work with domain experts to clarify them. Think about  What in our domain description do we want represented with technology? Look at organization wide goals and consider what is required to carry them out. Each system responsibility may require several iterations: Consistency and redundancy are not issues at this point@R s Rs l  4.3 System Capabilities(cont.)    Just do it approach eliminates the pressure to get it all right on the first pass  Go with what you know and plan to iterate back through it. Multiple iterations of SR s reduce complexity through balanced partitions, promote focus, remove redundancies and contradictions As more capabilities are documented, architects get a better idea of how the domain experts are viewing the proposed system Allow tangents to continue, even if they cross perceived system boundaries.^T0Z0Z|0ZLZT|L     Example: System Capabilities     Finding System Capabilities   Ask Constructive Questions Avoid counter productive questions Don't obsess over issues that are addressed as part of the process (e.g. consistency, redundancy, completeness, soundness)   Constructive Questions   Some constructive, informal questions that may be useful in gaining clarity (organized brainstorming)  What does this mean?  Can you give me an example of this?  What do you need to do this?  What is involved with this? &fzfz   Construction Question 1    What does this mean? Useful to define words and phrases (document in CDL)V6$ N  Construction Question 2    Can you give me an example of this? Useful to draw out scenarios of desired system operations(a&: a  Construction Question 3    What do you need to do this? To find out information required to carry out a responsibility.@@ _  Construction Question 4   F What is involved with this? To discover sub-capabilities and the steps required to fulfill them This question is important as it is used to continue the process.   Counterproductive Questions   Avoid Counterproductive Questions:  Didn't we already cover this?  How can we possibly implement that?  Do we really need this? Begin by discovering what is actually wanted The modeling process answers these  save it for later questions#  @0n0#%n     Counterproductive Question 1    Didn't we already cover this? F Don t worry about overlapping capabilities: these will be cleared up as we build the modelTO8/  ,/ ~  Counterproductive Question 2(    How can we possibly implement that? F Stay focused: this is not relevant to domain experts, only to implementers&88M(%   ? t  Counterproductive Question 3   ( Do we really need this? F Don t challenge feasibility or relevance: relevance is determined by domain experts (you can send them the bill later!)j8{8  *N   /      !"#'()*+Pr. .Iso(   kKADocument Word.Document.80.Microsoft Word Document0?`` <4` k\76  7!&* Oh+'0  , P \ h t%Introduction to Software Engineering0ntr Dan Portionan an an  Hwan Dongon126Microsoft PowerPoint 4.0Eng@м @p$H@q?C@ފ" G g  4& &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    - "-- !-- "----- - @Times New Roman- . 2 1.--iyH-- @Times New Roman- .2 OCD II+'*. .02 ADomain Description, System +/+!/. .42 sAnalysis I, Prototypes (maybe)*!/.--R1-- @Times New Roman- .2 CS577a. ."2 CSept 18, Fall 2000   .--"System-&TNPP &--Root EntrydO)p gLPicturesͶCurrent User 2SummaryInformation(g - Abstraction, enterprise class engineering This section is an overview of Analysis for OCD 4.0 Details follow in later sections for SSAD6'^'^   kSystem Analysis   BThe creation of precise, consistent description of a conceptual system in terms of its high-level components Description is within the organization domain, independent of implementation Analysis goes beyond simple checklists and pictures Analysis ties the domain description to the system design and implementation C  lAnalysis Defined   A separation of a whole into its component parts An examination of a complex system, its elements, and their relations A statement of such an analysis A method in philosophy of resolving complex expressions into simpler or more basic ones   mAnalysis Goals   MQuantify what we want to represent, not how it is done Formalize and refine the specific parts of the organizations capabilities, entities, activities, and interactions described in the domain description that are to be automated Capture the high level architectural information that will represent (I.e. model) the conceptual system6N # N  nAnalysis Audience   4The Domain Description is for all constituents of the project Analysis is for Domain Experts - the high level leaders who understand the domain, know what they want, and have the authority to make decisions Not for implementers, who prefer design and implementation details ( hows )Z&      oTouring OOA concepts   This section introduces OOA concepts via extended examples The example will illustrate a few issues that can arise and how they are handled Notation, terminology, etc. not as important as awareness of issues Further study will be required $   pAnalysis Overview   Analysis CDL Statement of Purpose - (focal point) Project Goals - (influences) System capabilities - (conceptualize) L.O.S. Goals Models Component Model Behavior Model Enterprise Class Model.Z6Z6   qAnalysis Deliverables    rClassifying Last   /Classification should be done after establishing Components and their behaviors need things to classify before creating classes intent is very important here This provides well named structures that will flow into the final implementation Accordingly, requirements should be delayed until later (design)6PNPN 0  s&4.1 Statement of Purpose (Focal Point),' $ '  Describe the general purpose of the proposed system A brief synopsis of the overall capabilities Compare with OCD 3.7 Current System Shortfalls Should be consistent with System Boundary and Environment (OCD 2.3) Domain Description (OCD 3) a Z/ ZZF Z Za"."$ '$   tCreating a Statement of Purpose   &A brief overview of the proposed system: what the system is supposed to accomplish or be responsible for Contrast with current system and shortfalls More general than a problem statement: doesn t need to identify a problem, just what is desired May change between LCO and LCAZ   u Example: Statement of Purpose    vy2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)03& $ 3  8Project Goals have global effects, whereas System capabilities have more local and specific effects Project Goals should be consistent with Win conditions and agreements M.R.S. (Measurable, Relevant, Specific): Initially, one may specify desirable and acceptable levels of capability Use a simple enumerated list9 9 9  z2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)"3&  3  yWork with Domain Experts to translate from Organization Goals Ask, what needs or desires for the system are not directly part of the system yet contribute to or affect it? Factors, project-level constraints and assumptions that influence or contribute to the eventual outcome of the project, but are not part of the system Are used to manage complexity and project constraints zCP6F90 z  Project Goals: M.R.S.   Should be Measurable, Relevant, Specific (M.R.S.) M: "How is the goal measured with respect to the proposed system?" R: "Is this related to any Organization Goal or external project constraints? S:  What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? ,2 2   Specifying OCD GoalsSpecific Project Goals    S: "What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? What are the specific acceptable levels or thresholds with respect to the measures used? What specific parts of the system are to be measured? *   Example: Project Goals   4.3 System Capabilities    Broad, high-level system behaviors. What the user should expect from the system Should be in line with Organization Goals (OCD 3.2) and Activities (OCD 3.3) Outline the desired modifications to the current systems entities and activities (OCD 3.3, 3.5)  Just Do It approach. Work with what you know and flush out SR s later.<G $ > G  OCD 4.3 System Capabilities   @Relation to WinWin : priorities, rationale For each system responsibility, indicate: Name Description Priority Rationale Reference to WinWin artifact [if one exists] Forward consistency with Capability Requirements (SSRD 3.) Example: System Capabilities for the University Intranet 1. Provide distributed access to student admissions list (see OCD 2.5.1) 2. Manage asynchronous collaborations on admission evaluations (see OCD 2.5.4) 3. Provide auto-updated list of current research areas (See OCD 2.5.2) 4. Manage secure access to and from the intranet (See OCD 2.2.3) 5. ...U PQ -F; Z9 Z' FT P: /' @     t      4.3 System Capabilities   High level overview of broad categories of system behaviors Not an operational breakdown (provided by System Requirements) System capabilities realize high-level activities in the Organization Activity Model (Reference as appropriate)., e   4.3 System Capabilities (cont.)    Describe a few system capabilities and work with domain experts to clarify them. Think about  What in our domain description do we want represented with technology? Look at organization wide goals and consider what is required to carry them out. Each system responsibility may require several iterations: Consistency and redundancy are not issues at this point@R s Rs l  4.3 System Capabilities(cont.)    Just do it approach eliminates the pressure to get it all right on the first pass  Go with what you know and plan to iterate back through it. Multiple iterations of SR s reduce complexity through balanced partitions, promote focus, remove redundancies and contradictions As more capabilities are documented, architects get a better idea of how the domain experts are viewing the proposed system Allow tangents to continue, even if they cross perceived system boundaries.^T0Z0Z|0ZLZT|L     Example: System Capabilities     Finding System Capabilities   Ask Constructive Questions Avoid counter productive questions Don't obsess over issues that are addressed as part of the process (e.g. consistency, redundancy, completeness, soundness)   Constructive Questions   Some constructive, informal questions that may be useful in gaining clarity (organized brainstorming)  What does this mean?  Can you give me an example of this?  What do you need to do this?  What is involved with this? &fzfz   Construction Question 1    What does this mean? Useful to define words and phrases (document in CDL)V6$ N  Construction Question 2    Can you give me an example of this? Useful to draw out scenarios of desired system operations(a&: a  Construction Question 3    What do you need to do this? To find out information required to carry out a responsibility.@@ _  Construction Question 4   F What is involved with this? To discover sub-capabilities and the steps required to fulfill them This question is important as it is used to continue the process.   Counterproductive Questions   Avoid Counterproductive Questions:  Didn't we already cover this?  How can we possibly implement that?  Do we really need this? Begin by discovering what is actually wanted The modeling process answers these  save it for later questions#  @0n0#%n     Counterproductive Question 1    Didn't we already cover this? F Don t worry about overlapping capabilities: these will be cleared up as we build the modelTO8/  ,/ ~  Counterproductive Question 2(    How can we possibly implement that? F Stay focused: this is not relevant to domain experts, only to implementers&88M(%   ? t  Counterproductive Question 3   ( Do we really need this? F Don t challenge feasibility or relevance: relevance is determined by domain experts (you can send them the bill later!)j8{8  *N   /      !"#'()*+Pr͞J Isp(   rK0Document Word.Document.80.Microsoft Word Document0   QK !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJzMNO}RSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrst{|~ #$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEuction Question 1Construction Question 2Construction Question 3Construction Question 4Counterproductive QuestionsCounterproductive Question 1Counterproductive Question 2Counterproductive Question 3  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles4 !_ Hwan DongHwan Dong.--x  (+  *& `7!&*7!&*  + ,0i#/,1i#/9 3_㨑meghnameghnashng&TNPP & ՜.+,0   9 Overheadȏ/4 >Times New Roman Times-Bold Times-RomanSymbolArial Arial,It33   +7f&N9  33   "lmnopqrstu   v ] w#$%&'x(y)z*+,-./012345&?D2$=Җq7R¤U2$Ҿ9{$ڤC%2$6=%LGٌ b$[<)V @1>2$ȱ_9g+"S'qG6P$$$$$$$$$2$V33.f"}U$2$Gˬ0W(cb$(h_?WJ%?/i2$6 Xw,;yT `1?@ g4HdHdv 0bppp@ <4dddd` 0bd&b<4!d!d` 0bd&buʚ;2Nʚ;<4ddddb{ 0bbF>___PPT9 / 0sy?&% Sept 18thO =XJJ@OCD II Domain Description, System Analysis I, Prototypes (maybe)CS577a Sept 18, Fall 2000KDomain Modeling and The OCD p9Domain Description Viewsq: r; P s< M O v? N t= Q iqSystem Analysis I: SOP, Goals and Constraints, System Capabilities and the Operational Concept Description (OCD):r0$-$ r    j!4. Proposed System (Analysis of)  "  System Analysis involves several steps Components - models, attributes, relationships, constraints, roles, and states Behavior models Engineering - Abstraction, enterprise class engineering This section is an overview of Analysis for OCD 4.0 Details follow in later sections for SSAD6'^'^   kSystem Analysis   BThe creation of precise, consistent description of a conceptual system in terms of its high-level components Description is within the organization domain, independent of implementation Analysis goes beyond simple checklists and pictures Analysis ties the domain description to the system design and implementation C  lAnalysis Defined   A separation of a whole into its component parts An examination of a complex system, its elements, and their relations A statement of such an analysis A method in philosophy of resolving complex expressions into simpler or more basic ones   mAnalysis Goals   MQuantify what we want to represent, not how it is done Formalize and refine the specific parts of the organizations capabilities, entities, activities, and interactions described in the domain description that are to be automated Capture the high level architectural information that will represent (I.e. model) the conceptual system6N # N  nAnalysis Audience   4The Domain Description is for all constituents of the project Analysis is for Domain Experts - the high level leaders who understand the domain, know what they want, and have the authority to make decisions Not for implementers, who prefer design and implementation details ( hows )Z&      oTouring OOA concepts   This section introduces OOA concepts via extended examples The example will illustrate a few issues that can arise and how they are handled Notation, terminology, etc. not as important as awareness of issues Further study will be required $   pAnalysis Overview   Analysis CDL Statement of Purpose - (focal point) Project Goals - (influences) System capabilities - (conceptualize) L.O.S. Goals Models Component Model Behavior Model Enterprise Class Model.Z6Z6   qAnalysis Deliverables    rClassifying Last   /Classification should be done after establishing Components and their behaviors need things to classify before creating classes intent is very important here This provides well named structures that will flow into the final implementation Accordingly, requirements should be delayed until later (design)6PNPN 0  s&4.1 Statement of Purpose (Focal Point),' $ '  Describe the general purpose of the proposed system A brief synopsis of the overall capabilities Compare with OCD 3.7 Current System Shortfalls Should be consistent with System Boundary and Environment (OCD 2.3) Domain Description (OCD 3) a Z/ ZZF Z Za"."$ '$   tCreating a Statement of Purpose   &A brief overview of the proposed system: what the system is supposed to accomplish or be responsible for Contrast with current system and shortfalls More general than a problem statement: doesn t need to identify a problem, just what is desired May change between LCO and LCAZ   u Example: Statement of Purpose    vy2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)03& $ 3  8Project Goals have global effects, whereas System capabilities have more local and specific effects Project Goals should be consistent with Win conditions and agreements M.R.S. (Measurable, Relevant, Specific): Initially, one may specify desirable and acceptable levels of capability Use a simple enumerated list9 9 9  z2OCD 4.2 Project Goals and Constraints (Influences)"3&  3  yWork with Domain Experts to translate from Organization Goals Ask, what needs or desires for the system are not directly part of the system yet contribute to or affect it? Factors, project-level constraints and assumptions that influence or contribute to the eventual outcome of the project, but are not part of the system Are used to manage complexity and project constraints zCP6F90 z  Project Goals: M.R.S.   Should be Measurable, Relevant, Specific (M.R.S.) M: "How is the goal measured with respect to the proposed system?" R: "Is this related to any Organization Goal or external project constraints? S:  What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? ,2 2   Specifying OCD GoalsSpecific Project Goals    S: "What specific parts of the system is this relevant to? What are the specific acceptable levels or thresholds with respect to the measures used? What specific parts of the system are to be measured? *   Example: Project Goals   4.3 System Capabilities    Broad, high-level system behaviors. What the user should expect from the system Should be in line with Organization Goals (OCD 3.2) and Activities (OCD 3.3) Outline the desired modifications to the current systems entities and activities (OCD 3.3, 3.5)  Just Do It approach. Work with what you know and flush out SR s later.<G $ > G  OCD 4.3 System Capabilities   @Relation to WinWin : priorities, rationale For each system responsibility, indicate: Name Description Priority Rationale Reference to WinWin artifact [if one exists] Forward consistency with Capability Requirements (SSRD 3.) Example: System Capabilities for the University Intranet 1. Provide distributed access to student admissions list (see OCD 2.5.1) 2. Manage asynchronous collaborations on admission evaluations (see OCD 2.5.4) 3. Provide auto-updated list of current research areas (See OCD 2.5.2) 4. Manage secure access to and from the intranet (See OCD 2.2.3) 5. ...U PQ -F; Z9 Z' FT P: /' @     t      4.3 System Capabilities   High level overview of broad categories of system behaviors Not an operational breakdown (provided by System Requirements) System capabilities realize high-level activities in the Organization Activity Model (Reference as appropriate)., e   4.3 System Capabilities (cont.)    Describe a few system capabilities and work with domain experts to clarify them. Think about  What in our domain description do we want represented with technology? Look at organization wide goals and consider what is required to carry them out. Each system responsibility may require several iterations: Consistency and redundancy are not issues at this point@R s Rs l  4.3 System Capabilities(cont.)    Just do it approach eliminates the pressure to get it all right on the first pass  Go with what you know and plan to iterate back through it. Multiple iterations of SR s reduce complexity through balanced partitions, promote focus, remove redundancies and contradictions As more capabilities are documented, architects get a better idea of how the domain experts are viewing the proposed system Allow tangents to continue, even if they cross perceived system boundaries.^T0Z0Z|0ZLZT|L     Example: System Capabilities     Finding System Capabilities   Ask Constructive Questions Avoid counter productive questions Don't obsess over issues that are addressed as part of the process (e.g. consistency, redundancy, completeness, soundness)   Constructive Questions   Some constructive, informal questions that may be useful in gaining clarity (organized brainstorming)  What does this mean?  Can you give me an example of this?  What do you need to do this?  What is involved with this? &fzfz   Construction Question 1    What does this mean? Useful to define words and phrases (document in CDL)V6$ N  Construction Question 2    Can you give me an example of this? Useful to draw out scenarios of desired system operations(a&: a  Construction Question 3    What do you need to do this? To find out information required to carry out a responsibility.@@ _  Construction Question 4   F What is involved with this? To discover sub-capabilities and the steps required to fulfill them This question is important as it is used to continue the process.   Counterproductive Questions   Avoid Counterproductive Questions:  Didn't we already cover this?  How can we possibly implement that?  Do we really need this? Begin by discovering what is actually wanted The modeling process answers these  save it for later questions#  @0n0#%n     Counterproductive Question 1    Didn't we already cover this? F Don t worry about overlapping capabilities: these will be cleared up as we build the modelTO8/  ,/ ~  Counterproductive Question 2(    How can we possibly implement that? F Stay focused: this is not relevant to domain experts, only to implementers&88M(%   ? t  Counterproductive Question 3   ( Do we really need this? F Don t challenge feasibility or relevance: relevance is determined by domain experts (you can send them the bill later!)j8{8  *N   /      !"#'()*+Pb  $(  r  S 8Gp  r  S B `    H  0޽h ? a(  <4@(    3 rgֳgֳ ?P     3 rgֳgֳ ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33  <4`(    3 rgֳgֳ ?P     3 r܎gֳgֳ ? @  H  0޽h ? ̙33 " <4$(  $ $ 3 rD gֳgֳ ?P    $ 3 r gֳgֳ ?  H $ 0޽h ? ̙33 # nf,(  , , 3 rgֳgֳ ?`    H , 0޽h ? ̙33 ' <4d(  d d 3 rxIgֳgֳ ?P    d 3 r4Jgֳgֳ ?  H d 0޽h ? ̙33 ( nf |(  | | 3 rدgֳgֳ ?`0    H | 0޽h ? ̙33 ) <4p(    3 rgֳgֳ ?P     3 rgֳgֳ ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33rD nȎJ \I