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(~Software Architectures [Shaw & Garlan 96] defines for a system Computation components Clients Servers Databases Filters Layers\?ZZ)Z)Z Interactions among components Subprogram calls Shared data Client server DB accessing protocols Asynchronous even multicast Piped streams etc.6ZqZ#N  NWhat s A Software Architecture? (cont.)(((IEEE Working Group on Architecture [IEEE98] Defines as highest-level concept of a system in its environment Concern with Fit with system integrity Economic constraints Aesthetic concerns Style N,MK,-K NWhat s A Software Architecture? (cont.)(((RUP Organization or structure of system's significant components Interacting through interfaces With components composed of successively smaller components & interfaces &&What s a Component?Many Definitions Software Architectures [Shaw & Garlan 96 ] Loci of computation & state Has an interface specification that defines its properties Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented [Szyperski 97] A unit of independent deployment third-party composition Has no persistent state, 2W: /W*  /    ,0 W 6What s a Component? (cont.)UML Modular, deployable, & replaceable part of system that Encapsulates implementation Exposes set of interfaces Specified by one or more classifiers that reside on it May be implemented by one or more artifacts e.g., binary, executable, or script files RUP A non-trivial, nearly independent, & replaceable part of system that fulfills clear function in context of well-defined architecture Conforms to & provides physical realization of a set of interfaces7n,*7n,*  :; 4 9 0{0 6What s a Component? (cont.)6MBASE Guide An abstraction that represents both memory & functionality A partition of system A part of system Implemented by objects Detail guides for identifying components are typically used for objects We ll use  component to mean part  Component to refer to UML/RUP definitionV 0Z2ZDZ  ! OutlineLKey Concepts Process Overview Example Project Description Process by Example(M / System Analysis Process Overview!!( OutlineLKey Concepts Process Overview Example Project Description Process by Example&M%OCD 2.1 System Capability Description&&( Target customer: Information Service Division (ISD) in University of Southern California The system is proposed and implemented for faculty, students, researchers and librarians at USC who need to identify where a particular periodical title is indexed, the date of coverage and whether it is available in full-text. The Full-text Title Database is a web-based full-text journal title searchable database. That system retrieves and consolidates journal title information from different vendors and provides it to general public users such as faculty, students, researchers and librarians. Unlike the Jake project at Yale University and full-text journal and newspaper search engine at Indiana University, our product is designed dedicated to USC which is accessible globally via World Wide Web and provides full-text journal title information to general public especially USC community. The Jake project of Yale University and the journal and newspaper search engine at Indiana University provide similar functionality. However, the former includes some information in those vendors databases that USC does not has access to and the later only contains journal title information from databases that Indiana University has access to which is inadequate. POCD 2.1.1 Benefits Realized The database we are going to build will let the general public users (faculty, students, researchers, librarians, etc.) easy to find the full-text journal title information they need. They can do a search in our database instead of searching each vendor s database USC has access to one after another. Thus it will much reduce the full-text journal searching time in the research. Since it s an easy to use and powerful system, more and more users are willing to use our system. It leads to more frequent and efficient utilization of resources of ISD, and more productive research work by faculty, students and researchers at USC. And it will lead to better ISD service and a higher academic reputation for USC. The database we are going to build will provide a web-base interface to system administrator, so ISD can easily find a person who has some basic computer knowledge to maintain the whole system, and doesn t have to provide much training to him/her or additional resources. Therefore ISD can save budget and time on a system which is easy to maintain like this proposed system.AAOCD 2.1.2 Results ChainOCD 2.2 Key Stakeholders2Software/IT system s users: Faculty, Researchers, Students, and Librarians at USC. The relationship with result chain: The users will be the ones who are going to interact with our system through user interface. If they are willing to use our system, they will get the benefit which is to  fill a serious gap in the tools available and result in more efficient research for researchers and students . Customers: ISD The relationship with result chain: Whom we are going to develop the system for. This is also the one who is going to inspect the result chain. Developers: CS577a Team8 & CS577b Team for Full-text Title Database Developers are responsible for design, construct and implement the software system. They are also responsible for helping the customer and provide some training to the system administrator and software maintainer during the transition phase of the system. Relationship with result chain: We are the people who develop the result chain. System Administrator: Greg Fleming Greg Fleming will be the one who is assigned by ISD and responsible for updating the system database. He needs to observe the vendors databases. Once vendors update their databases, our unified database should also be updated. Relationship with result chain: He is responsible for ensuring the system to provide the updated information to users so that they can actually get the expected benefits. Software Maintainer: ISD employee ISD will assign a person to maintain the system. He/she is responsible for maintaining the software code and crash recovery of the system. Relationship with result chain: He/she is responsible for ensuring the system stability and availability so that the expected benefits can be realized. Data Source: Vendors Vendors are the commercial organizations which provide databases containing the full-text journals and subscription service to others. Relationship with result chain: The initiative of the result chain. We assume the vendors databases are searchable. Our unified Fulltext Title Database will be generated from their databases SP>PPPDPPP$PP"P#PPHPS >   D P $    " #  H 8%OCD 2.3 System Boundary & Environment&&(OCD 3.2 Organization GoalsOG-1: Fast Information Access Provide a faster way to access information OG-2: Reduced workload Allowing the librarians to focus their time & energy on those patrons that really need help OG-3: User friendly environment OG-4: Enhance the library collection Enhance the library collection by subscribing to vendors full-text journal databases OG-5: Ensure the Integrity of Information Provide a way to ensure the integrity of the information and protect the contents of the system OG-6: Make the Resource Available to Distributed Users Users may be locate at any place and want to access the resources @P+PP]PEPVP*P`P7PCP+] V  %  `  2COCD 4.3 CapabilitiesOCD 4.5 Proposed System5OCD 4.5 Proposed System (cont.) Typical Configuration66(For this system, There s really only 1 configuration Doesn t add much information*AAAOCD 4.5.1 Proposed Activities Search for Full-Text Journal TitleBB(Other activities not shown OCD 4.5.2 Proposed Entities!Iteration Plan (Informal)2 Iterations Capabilities in Iteration#1 Search for Full-Text Journal Title Maintain (Enter) Journal Data Additional Capabilities in Iteration#2 Maintain Vendor Data Profiles Maintain (Change) Journal Data Set Maintenance Passwordb A'V A'V  OutlineLKey Concepts Process Overview Example Project Description Process by Example M:" System Analysis Process Overview!!(KSub-activities not order i.e. can start anywhere Why not? Iterative ProcessP d d #,Analyze Behavior  LCOPurpose: Improve understanding of behavior requirements Inputs: Proposed System Context Activity Model Capability Model Artifacts: Use cases Model Use Diagram(s) Descriptions of each use case See Form Z/ZZ8Z ZZ.Z Z /8   .  *%vAnalyze Behavior  LCO Guide for Creation of Use Case Model4<$C$ c$JFor each capability in Capability Model If abstraction of more specify behavior Create use case for each specific behavior e.g. Manage Vendor Profile => Add, Edit, Delete Profile? Show generalization relation in Behavior Classification Model Otherwise, create use case for capability All actors that participate in each use case For all actors, Verify that have identified capabilities to be included in current iteration((+w*=M"(  +"w"*"="M"& Analyze Behavior  LCO Guide for Creation of Use Case Model (cont.)4D$C$c$LDefine relations For each use case that an actor participates in Draw bi-directional association between actor & use case If actor specializes another actor Draw generalization from specialized actor to general actor If use-case extends other use-case Draw extends relation Describe each actor Describe each use case Form Sequence Diagrams (optional at LCO) Identify common behavior in different use cases Create use case for common behavior Draw include relation from all behaviors that share this common behavior to the use case for common behaviorP0P9P#P<P#PP+P)P0PP $"3  ""<#  %$$("()("(&,",004"48"8<<j""'!^Analyze Behavior  LCO Use-Case Diagram Example00(("jAnalyze Behavior  LCO Use-Case Description Example 166()#zAnalyze Behavior  LCO Use-Case Description Example 1 (cont.) >('(Typical Course of Action*$zAnalyze Behavior  LCO Use-Case Description Example 1 (cont.) >$'$>Alternate Course of Action: No results match search criterion ,?Z$ "Exceptional Course of Action: None#Z#$9Analyze Behavior Exit Criteria for Use-Case Descriptions :(((LCO High risk, architecturally significant, or particularly complex use case Include detailed courses of actions with exception & alternate courses of action identified Other use cases need only include high level overview LCA High risk, architecturally significant, or particularly complex use case Designed using one or more Sequence Diagrams Interaction Model Other use cases need only include high level overview IOC All use cases should be designed using one or more Sequence DiagramsPIP]P6PPIP-PP6PPEPI]6I  -6E/867D ` fff33` 3KI3ff` 33ff` /p` 3%*3|` Jy3fff3f` 3ff3̙` 33ff33` DDyq3f` ̙3n` w3ff` }ff>?" dd@,?nKd@ P nA@F`d n?" dd@   @@``PR"   @ ` `2p>> h ` PL (  L L 6R #" `  c  R \*  L 6lR #" `6v R Z*  L 60R #" ` 3  R X* T X L "X L N@Rd#" `P D0  L 6`Rd#" `U B0  L S HR"UY <  L c $R"YW <   L c $R"YU <   L c $PR" <   L S D#R#" `SV B0   L S  %R"Y <   L c $(R"X <  L 6,R #" `  ` R T Click to edit Master title style! !$ L 0R " R RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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"2 System Analysis II     .-@Arial-. 2 CS577a.-@Arial-. 2 Fall 2001 .-@Arial-. 2  Ed Colbert   .-@Arial-. +2 %USC Center for Software       .-@Arial-. 2 A Engineering   .-՜.+,0X    On-screen ShowUSC<&; ,ArialTimes New Roman Wingdings Arial Black Arial NarrowPixel%System Analysis II CS577a Fall 2001Goal of PresentationOutlinePurposes of Analysis & DesignAnalysis & Design ApproachAnalysis GoalsAnalysis Audience Whats A Software Architecture?(Whats A Software Architecture? (cont.)(Whats A Software Architecture? (cont.)Whats a Component?Whats a Component? (cont.)Whats a Component? (cont.)Outline!System Analysis Process OverviewOutline&OCD 2.1 System Capability DescriptionOCD 2.1.1 Benefits Realized OCD 2.1.2 Results ChainOCD 2.2 Key Stakeholders&OCD 2.3 System Boundary & EnvironmentOCD 3.2 Organization GoalsOCD 4.3 CapabilitiesOCD 4.5 Proposed System6OCD 4.5 Proposed System (cont.) 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